The Earth telescope must first see the dawn of the universe

The ground telescope successfully detected the signal of cosmic dawn for the first time, measuring polarized microwave lamps, which conveyed information about the era when the first star ignited more than 13 billion years ago.

Scientists used telescopes to inhabit Chile’s Atacama Desert, overcoming huge technological challenges and capturing a million times more signals than ordinary cosmic microwaves, suggesting that Earth-based observers can explore this mysterious period that had previously only reached space missions.

Achievements mark a new boundary in astronomy. So far, only space telescopes like NASA’s WMAP and European Space Agency’s Planck have successfully measured these ancient signals that reveal how the first stars transformed the universe from dark neutral fog to the ionized universe we see today.

Tobias Marriage, Project Leader, Johns Hopkins Professor of Physics and Astronomy, microwave signals at dawn of the universe are difficult to measure, while microwave signals at dawn of the universe are very difficult.

Break through the static universe

Researchers face difficult obstacles. The cosmic microwaves measure only millimeters in wavelength and reach the earth incredibly faint. Their polarized components (the key to understanding the dawn of the universe) are still weakened by a million times.

Ground-based observations must be related to radio interference from broadcasts, radar systems and satellites. Atmospheric changes, weather fluctuations and temperature changes further distort subtle signals. However, the large angle surveyor (category) project of cosmology succeeded where others thought it was impossible.

Polarization occurs when light waves encounter importance and scattering. “When the light hits the hood of the car and sees glare, that’s polarization. To be clear, you can wear polarized glasses to eliminate glare,” explained first author Yunyang Li, who conducted research as a doctoral student at Johns Hopkins and University of Chicago researchers.

The universe timeline reveals

Measured values ​​detect periods of change in the history of the universe. After the Big Bang, the universe was an opaque electronic fog, so dense that light could not escape. As expansion cools the universe, protons capture electrons to form neutral hydrogen atoms, releasing microwave radiation to travel through space.

Then there is the dawn of the universe. The first stars shine with such strong energy that they tear electrons from hydrogen atoms, thus making up for a vast area of ​​space. The team measured the possibility that ancient photons encountered these released electrons and dispersed during the Big Bang, leaving behind Telltale Ealization Signatures.

What is not emphasized in the initial report is the complex mathematical framework developed by researchers to correct system errors. The team created what they call the “pixel space transmission matrix,” a computing tool that simulates how ground-based filtering operations affect cosmic signals. This innovation allows them to restore impartial measurements even if their instruments must actively filter terrestrial interference.

Key scientific achievements include:

• The first ground-based detection of cosmic ionization signals
• New ways to correct errors in ground observation systems
• Independent verification of space measurements
• Advanced Techniques to Isolate Cosmic Signals from Interference
• The way to the limiting accuracy of cosmic variance

Impact on the dark universe

These findings are of importance beyond cosmic archaeology. Accurate measurements of the regression period help break the degeneration between fundamental cosmological parameters, potentially addressing tensions in our understanding of dark matter and the expansion rate of the universe.

“For us, the universe is like a physics laboratory. Better measurements of the universe help us understand dark matter and neutrinos, filling the universe’s rich and elusive particles,” said Charles Bennett, Bloomberg’s distinguished professor at Johns Hopkins, who led the WMAP space mission.

This study also provides vital calibration for detecting original gravitational waves – primer in space-time in the first moment of the universe. These “B-mode” signals mask the ionization signatures now, now measured with unprecedented accuracy.

expect

This achievement uses rapidly rotating polarization regulators to verify the class’s unique methods that suppress system errors. By comparing its measurements with data from Planck and WMAP tasks, the team determined the general signal when filtering out instrument-specific artifacts.

“There is no other ground-based experiment that can do what class,” said Nigel Sharp, Program Director at the NSF Astronomy Science Division. The project shows that ground-based observatories can compete with space missions to obtain the most challenging measurements in astronomy.

Future improvements may push classes toward cosmic differences limitations, which are the ultimate precise boundaries of the limited number of observable cosmic structures. The team predicts that moderate improvements to its filtration technology may reach this basic limit, opening a new window from a planet-based platform to the earliest era of the universe.

As astronomers await the next generation of space missions, the class proves that innovative ground approaches can illuminate the dawn of the universe from our planets’ vantage points, thus expanding human ability to study cosmic infancy.

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