Under the Paris Agreement, each country must use the guidance provided by the Intergovernmental Climate Change Group (IPCC) to provide a reliable list of greenhouse gas emissions for the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Under the enhanced transparency framework, each country must apply the IPCC 2006 guidelines to complete the greenhouse gas inventories. The transition from 1996 to 2006 guidance will result in inventory reflecting a completely different national total number of greenhouse gases.
Seungdo Kim and Kaleem Anwar Mir, Centre for Climate Change and Energy Research at Hallym University, Republic of Korea, and Dr. Chunkyoo Park from the Republic of Korea and International Dr. Pallav Purohit from the Austrian Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) explores the quantitative implications of using the 2006 guideline, compared with the one in the 1996 Pakistan Greenhouse Gas Inventory. In research articles published in journal Advances in climate change researchDr Mir and colleagues presented research results that will help policy makers prioritize the major greenhouse gases and categories of agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) (AFOLU) identified nationwide in Pakistan and use the 2006 guidelines.
“This study should be considered a direct continuation of the previous one (Part I[Providedonline:In:DiscussionofEnergyIndustrialProcessesandProductUsage(IPPU)inlinewiththeseIPCCguidelines”DrMirAlsoadded”Ourstudyalsoprovidesananalysisofgreenhouseinventoryidentificationofkeycategoriesandnationalgreenhouseemissiontrendsforspecificsectors”[Availableonline:whichdiscussessesenergyandindustrialprocessesandproduct(IPPU)incompliancewiththeseIPCCguidelines”DrMiralsoadded:“Ourstudysoprovididesector-specificcomparativetimeseries(1994–2017)analysisofgreenhouseinventoriesidentificationofkeycategoryandnationalgreenhouseimmigrationstrendforPakistan”[在線提供：在：在線討論能源，工業流程和產品使用（IPPU），符合這些IPCC指南。”Mir博士。還補充說：“我們的研究還提供了針對特定部門的比較時間序列（1994-2017）對溫室庫存，關鍵類別的識別以及巴基斯坦國家溫室排放趨勢的分析。”[Availableonlineat:whichdiscussesenergyandindustrialprocessesandproductuse(IPPU)incompliancewiththeseIPCCguidelines”DrMiralsoadded:“Ourstudiesalsoprovidesector-specificcomparativetimeseries(1994–2017)analysisofgreenhouseinventoriesidentificationofkeycategoriesandnationalgreenhouseemissionstrendforPakistan”
Key categories analysis of three major greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane) in 1994 and 2017 identified 17 key categories each year. The energy sector accounts for eight key categories and has the most important CO2– EQ two years of emissions. Dr. Mir’s team uses level and trend analysis and 1996 and 2006 guidelines, concluded that the source category launches CO2 and ch4 Remission should be given priority. Time series analysis using the 2006 guide from 1994 to 2017 shows that the Afolu industry’s greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase. Agriculture is responsible for more than 90% of the industry’s internal emissions, and intestinal fermentation is the main contributor. Typically, the annual average growth rate for all categories throughout the period is positive. The waste industry is the third major source of Pakistan’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2017. Solid waste treatment and wastewater treatment and emissions are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the waste industry, where methane and nitrous oxide are the main greenhouse gases emitted.
Comparative analysis of the greenhouse gas inventory using the 2006 and 1996 guidelines showed that national greenhouse gas emissions were significantly reduced compared to the earlier one-based estimates. CO2 shares are larger according to the latest guidelines than the previous ones. In contrast, the nitrous oxide was reduced compared to the early stages, and the methane distribution was similar in both criteria. Typically, the 2006 guideline tends to improve the overall accuracy of emission estimates relative to the 1996 guidelines. For the AFOLU sector, the latest guidelines are estimated to be higher methane emissions. Due to the updated default emission factors for various subsector parameters, the emission estimates based on the AFOLU subsector are very different. According to waste industry trends in the 2006 Guidelines, trends based on the 1996 Guidelines show deviations in different years, which may be due to the refinement of the method and the improved default emission factors in the previous method.
This study used 2006 guidelines to develop greenhouse gas inventory, establish a consistent annual estimated time series, and conduct key category analysis of Pakistan. Dr. Mir summarized as scientific characteristics, according to the results of this study, the 1996 guideline overestimates national greenhouse gas emissions compared to the 2006 guideline, which is due to the updated methodology and revised default emission factor values, which further affects The benchmark year emissions were reduced and the benchmark year emissions were reduced and the NDC reduction targets were reduced. Under the Paris Agreement, compliance with this guidelines will help Pakistan develop strategies and achieve long-term low-temperature greenhouse gas emissions in a more transparent manner.
Journal Reference:
Mir, Kaleem Anwar, Chunkyoo Park, Pallav Purohit and Seungdo Kim. “Comparative Analysis of Pakistan’s Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory: Part II Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses and Wastes.” Advances in Climate Change Research 12, Issue 1. 1 (2021): 132-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.01.003
Main image source: PXFUEL
About the Author
Dr. Seungdo Kim
professor
Dr. Environmental Engineering at the University of Wisconsin since 1997. He is an expert in greenhouse gas inventory. His research areas are the development of greenhouse gas national and plant-specific emission factors. Currently, he is interested in developing catalytic pyrolysis processes to destroy fluorine greenhouse gases such as HFC, PFC and SF6. He is one of the leading authors in the waste field, with improvements to the 2019 IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines 2006. Since 2004, he has served as the chief reviewer of the national greenhouse gas inventory reports submitted to the IFCC by developed countries. He served as one of the editorial board members of the IPCC GHG emission factor database from 2009 to 2013.
Kaleem Anwar Mir, MS
Doctoral candidate
Kaleem Anwar Mir is a Ph.D. Hallym University, South Korea, is the Climate Change and Energy Research Center at Hallym University, South Korea, led by Dr. Seungdo Kim. He also holds a position as a science official at the Center for Global Change Impact Research in the Ministry of Climate Change of the Pakistan Government. Since 2012, he has served as an expert reviewer for national greenhouse gas inventory reports submitted to the United Nations Corporation (UNFCCC) in developed countries. He is a branch scientist for the upcoming sixth assessment report by IPCC WGIII (Mixture). He received his Bachelor of Chemical Engineering from the University of Punjab, Pakistan, and an MS in Environmental Management from the National University of Singapore, where he conducted research on improving air quality improvement and reducing greenhouse gases in Pakistan. His current research involves comprehensive modeling analysis of air pollution control and greenhouse gas reduction strategies in Pakistan through the adoption of advanced controlled emission control technologies and sustainable development measures.
Dr. Pallav Purohit.
Dr. Pallav Purohit received his Ph.D. IIT Degree in Energy Policy and Programs. He is currently a senior research scholar at the Austrian Institute for International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). Prior to joining IIASA, Dr. Purohit worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of International Economics (HWWI) in Hamburg, Germany. He is also a visiting faculty member of the Department of Construction Environment and Energy Technology at Linnaeus University in Sweden; Institute of Political Science at the University of Zurich, Switzerland; College of International Development at the University of East Anglia, UK and the Commission on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) in New Delhi. He is the Associate Editor of the International Journal of Global Energy Issues (IJGEI) and a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Sustainability, Innovation Energy Policy and Renewable Energy. His research interests include science; technology and policy focus on energy and environmental issues in developing countries; energy economics; climate change; air pollution control and human health.
