In the huge tapestry of the universe, the microscopic architecture of matter intertwines with the cosmic dance of galaxies, which is a profound discovery story. Adventure into a realm where the laws of physics we know are both challenged and confirmed, in which case the invisible forces that fuse the structures of our reality are brought into the light. This narrative was not born from the pages of science fiction, but was derived from cutting-edge explorations at the core of quantum physics. At this boundary, scientists conduct rigorous inquiries to understand the origin of particle mass, thus revealing boundless insights and enormous insights from atoms in our bodies to distant stars.
The unremitting pursuit of the mysterious power of deciphering the smallest building blocks of the universe and weaving the structure of reality is a legend, which has been circulated throughout centuries of scientific inquiry. In this extensive curiosity and research, Professor Keh-fei Liu from the University of Kentucky conducted a groundbreaking survey published in Physical Letter B, which is a beacon of progress. This pioneering work delves into the quantum field to elucidate the mass and confinement mechanisms of Hadson, i.e. muscle particles including protons and neutrons, which are the basis of the structure of matter. By venturing into the complex dynamics of quantum chromosomal dynamics (QCD) and similar to phenomena in superconducting and cosmology, Professor Liu’s research marks our understanding of the fundamentals of the universe.
At the heart of this study is trace anomalies, an attractive quantum phenomenon due to the disruption of scale symmetry caused by quantum effects. This anomaly is crucial to explain the mass and limitations of radiation, thus ensuring the stability of the nucleus. Professor Liu elucidated: “We explore the role of trace anomalies in several hasin properties… This shows that the energy balance correspondence of Hadrons penetrates an equation of state where trace anomalies appear from the glue from the vacuum The trace anomaly matrix element generates a negative constant voltage, resulting in a limiting mechanism similar to the eddy current in a type II superconductor.”
Through meticulous analysis and lattice QCD calculations, Professor Liu found that trace anomalies are caused by the overwhelming mass of protons, and the intrinsic mass of the quark contributed the rest, and the rest was about 8%. This revelation not only deepens our mastery of particle physics, but also intertwines the fate of the smallest particles with the huge universe.
This study further explores the similarities between trace anomalies in QCD and cosmological constants. Professor Liu pointed out: “Traced anomalies in the QCD energy ammunition tensor and the cosmic constants in Einstein’s equation are related to the index term, which contributes to both energy and stress.”
By weaving together insights from quantum to the universe, Professor Liu’s work opens new horizons in our exploration to understand the structure of the universe. It emphasizes the key role of trace anomalies in various physical phenomena, thus providing a unified perspective that bridges the gap across physics disciplines. This study not only enriches our understanding of fundamental forces and particles, but also paves the way for future exploration at the quantum frontier. Featured Image Legend: The decomposition of proton energy on quarks and gluons in various flavors, obtained from experiments and lattice calculations on two different energy scales.
Journal Reference
Keh-fei Liu, “Hadron, Superconductor Eddy Current and Cosmic Constant.” Physical Letter B, 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2023.138418
About the Author
keh-fei Liu Born in Beijing, he grew up in Taiwan. He received his PhD from Stoney Brooke University and has been serving at the University of Kentucky until 2023. He now works at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
His main research areas are lattice gauge theory, which studies the calculation of nuclear structure, neutron electron dipole moment, neutrino nucleus scattering and finite density. He is also studying the design of accelerator-based fusion reactors.
In 1987, the Chinese Academy of Sciences won the first prize in theoretical physics and in 1989, the Senior Scientist Award from Alexander von Humboldt. He also won the 2018 Elizabeth H. Kirwan Memorial Award.
He is a member of the American physical society.
